“ 蜂毒”獨特的物理化學藥理作用

新疆烏魯木齊市中興醫院蜂療科劉忠玲

蜂毒的藥理作用非常復雜，現已查明蜂毒對神經系統和心血管系統有強烈的影響，對機體許多方面起著重要作用。

1.蜂毒首先作用於腦幹的網狀結構，有興奮效應，然後轉變為皮質和皮質下區的功能抑制。

2.蜂毒主要是興奮效應—腎上腺系統活動，使其增強，皮質醇與尿17-酮醇含量增高。

3.蜂毒能引起植物性神經系統交感神經節傳導阻滯，有親神經作用。

4.蜂毒可使中樞神經系統突觸內興奮傳導阻礙，及具有中樞性煙堿型膽堿阻滯劑的許多特點，能抑制條件反射活動和增強催眠作用的能力，並有抗痙攣作用。

5.蜂毒中的MCD-多肽有抗炎作用，這是由於釋放組織胺及5-羟色胺所致。它的抗炎活動較氫化考的松大一百倍。

6.蜂毒中的阿多拉品，是一類新的藥理學活性物質的代表，是具有肽鏈的天然前列腺素合成酶抑制劑，它的作用約為已知抗風濕消炎藥的70倍。阿多拉品對環氧化酶的抑制作用是它的抗炎和鎮痛作用的基本機制。

7.蜂毒有調節神經緊張度的作用，使大腦皮質活動正常化。

8.蜂毒能增強心肌的收縮力和增加心率，還具有抗心律不齊的特性，可用於治療心血管衰竭、心源性休克或心功能降低任何綜合癥。

9.蜂毒具有使血液溶血活性強化的特性，能幹擾凝血化酶的形成，可以消除血栓形成，所以可用於防止動脈粥樣硬化和血栓形成和栓塞。

10.蜂毒有直接擴張腦血管的作用，可以增高血鉀，能影響血管活性，故能治療高血壓病。

11.蜂毒通過對血漿中的考的索（cortisol）即氫化考的松、組織胺、腎上腺素，0.1mg蜂毒肽對革蘭氏陽性細菌的作用強度等於0.1-93單位青黴素的作用及去甲腎上腺素水平方面的影響，使循環中的考的索的水平明顯提高，治療風濕病或類風濕性關節炎有明顯效果。長期作用，也不至引起腦垂體和腎上腺肥大或萎縮。

12.一定量的蜂毒能使微生物無害的防衛機能和刺激抗體產生。加大蜂毒用量，則對抗體免疫有抑制作用，但均能使機體免疫機制改善。

13.蜂毒有抗菌作用，且可增加青黴素和磺胺的抗菌作用。

14.蜂毒還有抑制血小板凝集和抗炎癥、抗腫瘤、抗輻射的作用。

15.蜂毒能使硬化的神經纖維軟化。

與英國代表James、美國代表Ailsa、澳大利亞代表Kent及大陸臺灣各方代表合影

The uniqueness effect of bee venom in physical chemistry pharmacology

Xinjiang Representative-Liu Zhongling

The pharmacology effects of bee venom are very complex, it has strong influences in nervous system and cardiovascular system. Besides it also play an important role in many aspects of the body.

First, Bee venom has the effect on brainstem reticular formation it can lead of hormesis then transform into cortex and subcortical regions suppression.

The main hormesis effect of bee venom are the adrenal system activities, which enhances and increased of the level of cortisol and urinary 17 ketoalchol.

It can blocks the conduction of sympathetic nervous system in plant and nerve function.

Bee venom inhibit the conduction of excitatory synapses in central nervous system with the features of central nicotinic cholinergic blockers. It inhibiting conditioned reflex activities and enhancing the hypnotic effect with anti-spasmodic effect.

Bee venom of MCD has the effect of anti-inflammatory due to release of serotonin and histamine. It has hundred times better-quality on anti-inflammatory compared with hydrocortisone.

Bee venom of Adolapin is the new pharmacological active substance. It contains of peptide chain of natural prostaglandin synthase inhibitors used for inflammatory and rheumatic. Adolapin has the function inhibiting of cyclooxygenase due to it has the basic mechanism of anti-inflammatory and analgesic.

Bee venom has the function of regulate the nervous tension and normalize the activities in cortical brain.

Bee venom enhanced myocardial contractibility and improved heartbeat rate with the symptom of antiarrhythmic. It used to heal cardiovascular failure, cardiogenic shock and reduced in cardiac function.

Bee venom has the symptom of strengthen blood hemolytic activity which inhibiting the formation of clotting enzyme and eliminate thrombus. Therefore it used for preventing atherosclerosis, thrombus and embolism.

Bee venom has the function of expansion of cerebral blood vessels which increases potassium level and influences vascular activity which used to heal hypertension.

Bee venom produces significant effects on healing rheumatism or rheumatoid arthritis which affected the level of cortisol increased via plasma. Cortisol which is also hydrocortisone, histamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. It will not cause of the mast or atrophy of pituitary gland and adrenal in long term effect.

A little amount of bee venom will caused microorganism stimulate harmless defensive performance and antibody. When increased the usage of bee venom it will inhibit the antibody with improving the immune system.

Bee venom has the function of antibacterial, the strength of 0.1mg of bee venom peptide are greater than gram positive bacteria which equal to 0.1-93 units of penicillin and improving the function of antibacterial in penicillin and sulfa.

Bee venom has the functions of inhibits platelet aggregation, antitumor, anti-inflammatory and radiation.

Bee venom able to soften the nerve fibers.

 圖為重慶蜂道養生館